[Prevalence of complications associated with central venous catheter instalation for hemodyalisis]. / Prevalencias de complicaciones asociadas a la instalación de catéter venoso central para hemodiálisis.

BACKGROUND: Placing central venous lines under ultrasonographic guidance reduces the complications of the procedure. AIM: To compare prevalences of complications of central venous line placements with or without ultrasonographic guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study that contemplated the comparison of two groups of patients subjected to a central venous line placement at a nephrology service for renal replacement therapy. In one group of 100 patients, the line was placed without ultrasonographic guidance between 2008 and 2012. Between 2015 and 2017 the line was placed in 138 patients using ultrasonographic guidance. The prevalences of complications with both types of procedures were recorded. RESULTS: The frequency of complications of procedures with and without ultrasonographic guidance was 0.7 and 18% respectively (prevalence ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0-0.3). Ninety five percent of recorded complications were arterial puncture, followed by hematomas in 10% and pneumothorax in 5%. The higher prevalence of complications was observed in emergency line placement without ultrasonographic guidance. There was a direct association between the number of line placement attempts in a single procedure and the prevalence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic guidance is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of central venous line complications.

Prevalencias de complicaciones asociadas a la instalación de catéter venoso central para hemodiálisis / Prevalence of complications associated with central venous catheter instalation for hemodyalisis

Background: Placing central venous lines under ultrasonographic guidance reduces the complications of the procedure. Aim: To compare prevalences of complications of central venous line placements with or without ultrasonographic guidance. Material and Methods: Descriptive study that contemplated the comparison of two groups of patients subjected to a central venous line placement at a nephrology service for renal replacement therapy. In one group of 100 patients, the line was placed without ultrasonographic guidance between 2008 and 2012. Between 2015 and 2017 the line was placed in 138 patients using ultrasonographic guidance. The prevalences of complications with both types of procedures were recorded. Results: The frequency of complications of procedures with and without ultrasonographic guidance was 0.7 and 18% respectively (prevalence ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0-0.3). Ninety five percent of recorded complications were arterial puncture, followed by hematomas in 10% and pneumothorax in 5%. The higher prevalence of complications was observed in emergency line placement without ultrasonographic guidance. There was a direct association between the number of line placement attempts in a single procedure and the prevalence of complications. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic guidance is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of central venous line complications.

Reporting quality of papers published in Chilean dental journals: evaluation period: 2002-2012 / Calidad del reporte de los artículos de las revistas odontológicas chilenas: evaluación del periodo2002-2012

To assess the reporting quality of papers published between 2002-2012 in Chilean dental journals. Methods: Bibliometric analysis of research papers published in indexed Chilean dental journals between 2002-2012. Three calibrated examinators (interoperator- Kappa=.83) assessed 205 papers: 150 case-reports, 37 observational studies and 18 clinical trials. Reporting quality was evaluated using CARE for case reports, STROBE for observational studies and CONSORT for clinical trials. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Results: Case-reports reported 35 percent of the required methodological items; epidemiological research reported 16 percent of required items for Materials and Methods and 10 percent for Results. Clinical research reported 29 percent of required Materials and Methods items and 20 percent of Results items. Conclusion: Case-report, epidemiological and clinician research papers in Chilean dental journals published during the 2002 2012 period are lacking explicit key methodological items, preventing a proper research replication or clinical application of the results...

Evaluar la calidad del reporte de estudios descriptivos, clínicos y reportes de casos publicados enrevistas del área odontológicas chilenas en el periodo 2002-2012. Método: Análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones en revistas dentales chilenas indizadas del 2002 al 2012. Tres evaluadores calibrados (Kappa intraoperadores=.83) evaluaron205 artículos: 150 reportes de casos, 37 estudios observacionales y 18 ensayos clínicos. La calidad del reporte seevaluó utilizando las pautas CARE para reportes de caso, STROBE para estudios observacionales y CONSORT paraensayos clínicos. Resultados: Los porcentajes de cumplimiento para los aspectos metodológicos por diseño fueron de 35 por ciento para los elementos requeridos en el reporte de caso, del 16 por ciento y 29 por ciento para los materiales y métodos de los estudios observacionales y clínicos; y 10 por ciento y 20 por ciento para los resultados de los estudios observacionales y clínicos. Conclusión: Los artículos del tipo reportes de caso, estudios observacionales y clínicos publicados en revistas del área odontológica chilenas en el período 2002-2012 carecen del informe de elementos básicos del diseño y resultados, lo que dificulta su replicabilidad así como su aplicación clínica...

Protective role of acetylsalicylic acid in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: evidence of a 15-epi-lipoxin A4-mediated effect.

Chagas' disease, produced by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects more than 8 million people, producing approximately 10,000 deaths each year in Latin America. Migration of people from endemic regions to developed countries has expanded the risk of infection, transforming this disease into a globally emerging problem. PGE2 and other eicosanoids contribute to cardiac functional deficits after infection with T. cruzi. Thus, the inhibition of host cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme emerges as a potential therapeutic target. In vivo studies about the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) upon T. cruzi infection are controversial, and always report the effect of ASA at a single dose. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of ASA at different doses in an in vivo model of infection and correlate it with the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. ASA decreased mortality, parasitemia, and heart damage in T. cruzi (Dm28c) infected mice, at the low doses of 25 and 50 mg/Kg. However, this effect disappeared when the high ASA doses of 75 and 100 mg/Kg were used. We explored whether this observation was related to the metabolic shift toward the production of 5-lipoxygenase derivatives, and although we did not observe an increase in LTB4 production in infected RAW cells and mice infected, we did find an increase in 15-epi-LXA4 (an ASA-triggered lipoxin). We also found high levels of 15-epi-LXA4 in T. cruzi infected mice treated with the low doses of ASA, while the high ASA doses decreased 15-epi-LXA4 levels. Importantly, 15-epi-LXA4 prevented parasitemia, mortality, and cardiac changes in vivo and restored the protective role in the treatment with a high dose of ASA. This is the first report showing the production of ASA-triggered lipoxins in T. cruzi infected mice, which demonstrates the role of this lipid as an anti-inflammatory molecule in the acute phase of the disease.